Government type:
Federal Republic

Capital:
New Delhi

Administrative divisions:
28 states and 7 union territories

Legal system:
Based on English common law; limited judicial review of legislative acts

Geographic coordinates:
20 00 N, 77 00 E

Area:
3,287,590 sq km

Coastline:
7,000 km

Climate:
Varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north

Population:
1,129,866,154 (July 2007 est.)

Religions:
Hindu 80.5%, Muslim 13.4%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.9%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.1% (2001 census)

Languages:
English is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; Hindi is the national language and primary tongue of 30% of the people with 14 other official languages: Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu.

Literacy:
Total population: 59.5%
Male: 70.2%
Female: 48.3% (2003 est.)

Natural resources:
Coal, iron ore, manganese, mica, bauxite, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum, limestone, arable land

GDP (purchasing power parity):
$4.042 trillion (2006 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate):
$796.1 billion (2006 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:
8.5% (2006 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):
$3,700 (2006 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
Agriculture: 19.9%
Agricultural products:
Rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, potatoes; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats, poultry; fish
Industry: 19.3%
Industries:
Textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software

Services: 60.7% (2005 est.)

Industrial production growth rate:
7.5% (2006 est.)

Current account balance:
-$26.4 billion (2006 est.)

Exports:
$112 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.)

Exports Commodities:
textile goods, gems and jewelry, engineering goods, chemicals, leather manufactures

Exports Partners:
US 16.7%, UAE 8.5%, China 6.6%, Singapore 5.3%, UK 4.9%, Hong Kong 4.4% (2005)

Imports:
$187.9 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.)

Imports Commodities:
Crude oil, machinery, gems, fertilizer, chemicals

Imports Partners:
China 7.3%, US 5.6%, Switzerland 4.7% (2005)

Fiscal year:
1 April - 31 March

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Source: CIA World Factbook.